Young patients that are diagnosed with a form of leukemia called acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at an increased risk of relapse if they have a high body mass index at the time of diagnosis.

Dr. Anna M. Butturini, lead investigator of a study that reported the findings, said "Obesity is associated with lower probability of cure in pre-adolescents and teenagers with ALL. A current analysis suggests that the same is true for adults with the same disease".

Dr. Butturini thinks that there is a need for better understanding of why obese patients have an increased risk of relapse. If this is found out, then better therapies for these young patients could be potentially designed.

Simply being female puts all women at risk for breast cancer. That and age, race, family history, personal history, genetic make-up, when they had children, when they reach menopause, and a whole host of other possible factors.

Now U.S. doctors are officially calling body mass index, breast density, and alcohol consumption predictors of the disease, says Therese Bevers, medical director of the Cancer Prevention Center, at the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston.

Bevers helped write updated guidelines for the prevention of breast cancer and presented them at the 12th annual National Comprehensive Cancer Network in Hollywood, Florida on Friday.

The guidelines, featuring the revised list of risk factors, also offer treatment options for women -- including bilateral mastectomy for women who have tested positive for the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 as well as possible medical treatments with drugs such as tamoxifen and raloxifene.

According to a study published in the International Journal of Cancer, a significant link between a diet high in bread and kidney cancer has been found. A diet high in pasta and rice might also contribute to an increase in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) a common form of kidney cancer.

2301 Italians particpated in the study conducted by researchers from the Institute of Pharmacological Research Mario Negri in Milan.

Researchers found that diets high in bread, pasta and rice, which cause a rise in insulin-like growth factors might play a role in the increase in cancer. Diets high in poultry, processed meat, and all vegetables, both raw and cooked appear to decrease the risk.

For more information on the glycemic diet and the glycemic index, visit Fifty 50.

It seems like common sense to me -- that lifestyle choices can affect a person's risk for contracting cancer -- but apparently, many people are not aware of this. Or they are aware but are not heeding the advice that might just save them from this life-threatening disease. According to Carolyn "Bo" Aldige, president of the Cancer Research and Prevention Foundation, in Alexandria, Va., it's not undiscovered treatments and therapies that are key to fighting off cancer -- it's likely that the toll cancer takes can be reduced by lifestyle changes and routine screenings. Aldige reports that nearly half of all cancer deaths are preventable. And she urges us to consider these facts.

• Smoking is the most preventable cause of death in the United States and causes nearly one in five deaths, killing about 438,000 Americans each year. Yet 45 million adults still smoke -- 23 percent of them men and 19 percent of them women.
• Poor nutrition, inactivity, and obesity account for one in three of the 564,830 deaths from all cancers. Experts say that excess calories cause mutations that start genes traveling down pathways that cause cells to divide out of control -- and that's what cancer is. According to Aldige, if each person could magically acquire the perfect body mass index, there would be a whole lot less colorectal, breast, and prostate cancers.
• It requires little time and not much discomfort for certain screenings that can detect cancer at an early enough stage that it can be successfully treated. There are already screenings for breast cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, testicular cancer, cervical cancer, and skin cancer. And soon, there may be a simple screening for lung cancer too.
• A diet rich in nutrients and vitamin supplements helps maintain health and prevent cancer.

There are some highly effective defenses against cancer -- but they require some attention and effort on the part of each individual. Not everyone will make health-conscious choices -- some for reasons out of their control (lack of access to screenings, for example) and some for reasons I personally do not understand. But maybe that's because I have already had cancer and I know that I don't ever wish for it to return. So for that reason alone, I plan to adhere to the considerations listed above. It seems like common sense to me.

I think obesity will always carry with it a risk for health problems. And according to a new study released on Monday, men with prostate cancer who are overweight have a higher risk of tumor recurrence after radiation treatment than thinner men do. Specifically, moderately and severely overweight men had a 70 percent higher risk of recurrence than men who were not overweight -- as indicated by rising levels of PSA, a blood protein that can signal prostate cancer. It is not clear how exactly obesity affects the success of radiation treatment -- perhaps it's the fat tissue that secretes certain hormones that helps the cancer progress at a later time. Regardless, the study suggests that men who are overweight do not fare as well as those who are at an average weight -- and this gives men a definite reason to trim down.

Obesity in this study was characterized by body mass index -- BMI -- a statistic that takes into account height and weight. A man five feet, 10 inches tall would be considered normal weight at or below 184 pounds. He would be overweight at 185 to 209 pounds, mildly obese at 210 to 244 pounds, and moderately to severely obese at above 244 pounds. Moderately to severely obese men had almost twice the risk of developing elevated PSA levels, according to an epidemiologist who led research in the study -- which will be published in the August 1 issue of the scientific journal Cancer.

According to a recent American Cancer Society survey, less than ten percent of Americans know that being overweight -- and obesity -- is a risk factor for cancer. Of those polled, 83 percent could tell you that being overweight is a risk factor for heart disease, and 57 percent could tell you that obesity puts you at greater risk for diabetes, but only eight percent believed that being overweight and obesity increases your risk for developing cancer.

Nearly 20 percent knew their body mass index score, almost 40 percent knew their cholesterol number, 63 percent knew their blood type and interestingly, 65 percent knew the number of judges on Fox's American Idol. What does this say? That the television show, American Idol does a better job of getting people's attention. There's a lesson in here somewhere for the organizations trying to raise awareness about cancer and cancer prevention. 

Some research indicates that how blood glucose levels function can lead to diseases, including the possibility of an interconnected link to cancers. One way to control blood glucose levels is in following the glycemic index diet. The glycemic index is a numerical rating system for carbohydrates. Carbohydrates in food that break down quickly in the bloodstream cause blood glucose levels to spike, or rise rapidly. Carbohydrates in food that break down slowly release glucose gradually into the blood stream. Ideally, you want glucose to be released slowly to maintain optimum health -- and weight for that matter. In addition, fat and fiber can influence how slowly or quickly carbohydrates are converted. For example, a slice of whole grain bread is a low glycemic food, where white bread is a high glycemic food.

If you are interested in learning more about the low glycemic diet, a few places to start are Fifty50 and Shake Off the Sugar, where you will find a glycemic index for some every day foods, educational information, recipes and tips.