You might think, like many people do, that smokeless tobacco products are safe alternatives to cigarettes. Wrong.

According to researchers at the University of Minnesota Cancer Center, smokeless tobacco users are exposed to higher amounts of carcinogenic molecules than cigarette smokers. In a study of 182 users of chewing tobacco or oral snuff and 420 cigarette smokers, they found snuff users were exposed to higher levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) than smokers. NNK is a human carcinogen known to produce lung cancer. In laboratory animals, it also contributes to cancers of the pancreas, nasal mucosa, and liver.

Published in the August issue of Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention, this study serves to remind us that there is only one safe alternative to smoking -- not smoking.

Why are many early-stage pancreatic cancers not treated with life-extending surgery? It seems that one of the reasons might be that physicians in general have pessimistic views toward all patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and are subsequently not being offered surgery.

There are instances where surgery is not an option but it seems that many cases, more often patients over the age of 65, African Americans, patients with lower incomes or those who are on Medicare or Medicade are passed over and not given this life-extending surgery and a chance for cure.

A study published this week by the Annals of Surgery said there is an under-use of curative resection for pancreatic cancer. Pancreatectomy is the primary treatment for early-stage disease. Over the years the survival results from this surgery have improved, giving at this time 19 percent of patients a five-year survival rate.

More than 37,000 Americans will be diagnosed this year with pancreatic cancer. Around 75 percent of those diagnosed will die of their disease. Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States, yet one of the most underfunded for research.

Only one percent of the National Cancer Institute research investment money was spend on pancreatic cancer in 2006. The Pancreatic Cancer Action Network (PanCAN) are calling on Congress to support a minimum of 6.7 percent increase to meet this urgent need.

Julie Fleshman, PanCAN President and CEO, says "The need for more research is tremendous and our voices must be heard. No effective early detection methods currently exist and there are minimal treatment options available. And very little research being done due to limited research funding".

It's already been established that type 2 diabetes increases the risk of pancreatic cancer. And now, research indicates there is also a link between type 1 diabetes and this type of cancer.

The risk is relatively small -- but still, those with type 1 diabetes have a likelihood of developing pancreatic cancer that is twice as high as in non-diabetics. This is similar to the risk those with type 2 diabetes face.

There are many theories about the link between diabetes and pancreatic cancer, and this research -- published in the British Journal of Cancer -- helps narrow the scope of the theories.

For example, one researcher says the study rules out "a cancer-inducing role of the insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas, because in type 1 diabetes these cells have largely or entirely been destroyed."

Experts say people with diabetes should focus their attention on the most common complications of diabetes such as heart disease, eye disease, and kidney disease and not on the very small risk of cancer. In the whole scheme of things, pancreatic cancer is a rare disease -- and even twice the risk is not very significant.

Pancreatic cancer is considered one of the most deadly of cancers. The statistics are grim, as 95 percent of patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer do not survive, and 50 percent of patients die within six months after the cancer is diagnosed. There might be some hope in an allergy medication that has been around for 40 years.

According to University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center researchers, the allergy medication cromolyn reduced pancreatic tumor growth in mouse model studies, and when the drug was combined with the chemotherapy drug gemcitabine, the standard chemotherapy treatment was three times more effective. They are reported to be in the process of starting a clinical trial.

The study's lead author, Craig Logsdon, Ph.D. is quoted as saying, "The study demonstrates in mouse models of human pancreatic cancer that the cromolyn-gemcitabine combination reduced cancer growth by 85 percent compared to control animals. Cromolyn used alone actually had a good effect on reduction of tumors compared to control animals, which surprised us. It reduced tumor growth by 70 percent, compared to growth reduction of 50 percent when gemcitabine was used as a single agent."

"Our goal is to offer longer life to these patients, and the combination of these two agents may well do that."

To learn more about pancreatic cancer, visit the pancreatic cancer category here and the National Cancer Institute's What You Need To Know About Cancer of the Pancreas.

The Annals of Surgical Oncology published a study that says pancreatic cancer survival is slightly better among patients who have a higher amount of lymph nodes removed during surgery. Pancreatic cancer has one of the highest mortality rates of all cancers, it is usually diagnosed at the later stages since it is a cancer that is hard to detect in the earliest treatable stages.

Cancer recurrence is common after surgery for pancreatic cancer. If the cancer has not metastasized when diagnosed the patients can undergo surgery to remove the tumor. Researchers want to try and find ways to help those undergoing surgery to have the best possible outcome and avoid recurrence.

Researchers collected information of over 1,600 patients who had undergone surgery for pancreatic cancer. The researchers concluded that survival was better for those patients who had 15 or more lymph nodes removed. The survival benefit was mostly seen in those who had node negative disease but there was also a small survival benefit in those with node positive disease.

Researchers at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden studied diets of almost 80,000 men and women between 1997 and 2005. They found that drinking syrup based drinks and adding large quantities of sugar in their coffee or tea could lead to a higher risk of developing cancer of the pancreas.

The institute said in a statement "The researchers have now been able to show that the risk of developing pancreatic cancer is related to the amount of sugar in the diet". Out of the 80,000 men and women studied 131 eventually developed pancreatic cancer. The risk was 70 percent higher for those who added sugar to their drinks about five times a day.

The chance of developing pancreatic cancer is relatively small but it is important to learn about the risk factors of the disease.